In the development of most vertebrate limbs (though not in some amphibians), the cartilage skeleton is replaced by bone later in development. Vertebrate limbs are organized into …

2020年9月11日 · We have presented a current view of how the vertebrate limb is patterned. This knowledge is crucial to our understanding of how a myriad of genetic disorders affect human …

2009年9月15日 · Key Concepts According to the fossil record, single pair of fin‐like structures emerged in the bodies of certain ancestral jawless vertebrates, and two pairs of fins are …

2012年12月1日 · In this Review, we discuss models of limb development and attempt to integrate the current knowledge of the signalling interactions that govern limb skeletal development into …

2017年2月6日 · In vertebrates, limb development is orchestrated along three different axes. The proximal–distal axis (from the shoulder to fingers), controlled by the apical ectodermal ridge …

The major signaling centers in the limb each direct limb development along one of the three axes: proximodistal (from shoulder to digit tip), anteroposterior (from digit 1, or thumb, to digit 5, or …

Limb development is initiated when the vertebrate body plan is being mapped out and is finished when precise arrays of organised cells and tissues have been generated. Both limbs and parts …

For more than half a century, manipulation and analysis of vertebrate limb development in different animal models has yielded seminal discoveries that further our knowledge of how …

The developing limb is a classical model system for studying cytological and genetic aspects of pattern formation and signal transduction. The vertebrate limb is an outgrowth of the …

2012年12月6日 · Specification of limb field and initiation of limb development involve multiple steps, each of which is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. Recent developmental …