The basic components of a building structure are the foundation, floors, walls, beams, columns, roof, stair, etc. These elements serve the purpose of supporting, enclosing and protecting the …

A cantilever beam is a rigid structural element supported at one end and free at the other, as shown in Figure-1. The cantilever beam can be either made of concrete or steel whose one …

What is Rebar? Steel reinforcement bars or rebars are used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete, since concrete is very weak in tension, but is strong in compression. Steel is only …

The use of mat foundation is for columns and walls foundations where the loads from the structure on columns and walls are very high. This is used to prevent differential settlement of individual …

Procedure for construction of foundation starts with a decision on its depth, width, and marking layout for excavation and centerline of foundation. Foundation is the part of the structure below …

1. General Specifications. Hollow and solid concrete blocks shall be sound and free from cracks, broken edges, honeycombing, and other defects that would interfere with the proper placing of …

1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement, which is suitable for all general concrete construction. It is the most commonly …

Water treatment is the process of removing all those substances, whether biological, chemical, or physical, that are potentially harmful to the water supply for human and domestic use. This …

The design of reinforced concrete (RC) column is carried out by following certain procedures. However, some specific rules and requirements need to be met. The conditions are commonly …

Heavy construction equipment are used for various purposes in large projects. Selection of different types of heavy equipment depends on the size of the work and economy of the …