The muscles of mastication include the masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles. Large-breed dogs are most often affected and the German shepherd, Hungarian Vizsla, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel seem to be predisposed. 1,2 Dogs can demonstrate painful swelling of the muscles of mastication, exophthalmos, and unwillingness to open the ...

2004年11月8日 · The dog seems to be in pain when his mouth opens or he attempts to chew. Perhaps he will not open his mouth at all. In time, the muscles around the head (particularly the temple region) hollow out, giving the dog a thin faced look.

The disease involves the masseter, temporalis and pterygoid muscles (i.e., muscle of mastication—those muscles innervated by V3). Cellular and humoral mediated destruction of type IIM myofibers (common to masticatory muscles) is thought to cause masticatory myositis.

In this paper, neuromuscular disorders of young dogs and cats are discussed. The principle clinical signs often are generalized or localized muscle weakness or paralysis, gait abnormalities, exercise-related weakness, dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea, or regurgitation.

Clinical signs include pain on opening the mouth, temporal and masseter, muscle atrophy, and in chronic cases, inability to open the mouth (trismus) due to fibrosis. Diagnosis is made by history and the presence of Type 2M antibodies in the serum.

2004年11月8日 · That said, Dr. Shelton recommends collecting a biopsy from the temporalis muscle in addition to sending the blood sample, as the degree of scarring in the muscle will be helpful in staging the severity of the disease and in assessing the patient's ability to …

Among primary thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder found in dogs; hyperthyroidism is more common in cats. Neuro-muscular signs associated with thyroid dysfunction have been recognized for years although central neurological signs have been described more recently.

Naturally occurring infections have been reported worldwide in dogs and it is likely that many dogs diagnosed with toxoplasmosis before 1988 actually had neosporosis. Clinical signs predominate in neural and muscular tissues but may also include skin, lungs, liver, heart or other tissues.

OA is one of the most common TMJ disorders, both in dogs and cats. It may be primary or secondary to TMJ dysplasia, trauma, unilateral mandibulectomy or chronic overload. It causes pain and decreased range of motion of the mandible. On radiographs or CT, the articular bone may appear eroded.

Muscle involvement--subtle, may be limited to the temporal and masseter muscles. Difficulties with mastication and swallowing can occur. Concurrent clinical, electromyographic, or histologic evidence of muscle disease aids in diagnosis.