slave labour in agriculture during the 15th and 16th centuries is mostly observ- able in the large sultanic estates ( padışah hassları ) that were mostly located in Thrace and Bithynia and were exploited through the allocation of parcels of

In his classic History of the Ottoman Empire, published in 1973, the doyen of Ottoman studies, Halil İnalcık, described the Ottoman Empire as a ‘peasant empire’. However, for the Ottomanist historiography of the beginning of the twenty-first century, it looks as though the Ottoman Empire was rather an ‘empire of difference’.

Fashion in 15th-century Europe was characterized by a surge of experimentation and regional variety, from the voluminous robes called houppelandes with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing giornea of Renaissance Italy. Hats, hoods, and other headdresses assumed increasing importance, and were draped, jeweled, and feathered.

Mar 25, 2023 · The foundation of Ottoman dry-farming agriculture was, like that of its predecessors, putting peasant households under the yoke—enshrined as hane in the Ottoman fiscal records. They worked land that could be ploughed by a pair of oxen, referred to as çift.

Starting with the mid-fifteenth century, Ottoman clerks compiled the peasant militia registers– a practice which continued well into the official end of this system in the late sixteenth century.

Oct 30, 2015 · Armies of the Ottoman Turks, 15th Century. Extract from Men-at-Arms 140: Armies of the Ottoman Turks 1300–1774 by David Nicolle. Illustration by Angus McBride. 1. Ottoman-Balkan Yaya, early 15th century. Many Ottoman infantrymen were of Christian origin and this seems to have been reflected in their equipment.

Sep 1, 2009 · The population transfer began immediately after the conquest of Istanbul; in the next 2 years Mehmed II ordered the resettlement of peasants from Serbia and Morea and nomads from Anatolia. In the second half of the 15th century, it was the peasants from Aegean islands, Black Sea coast and central Anatolia that followed (İnalcık, 1994).

This is the first systematic scholarly study of the Ottoman experience of plague during the Black Death pandemic and the centuries that followed, and Nükhet Varlık maintains that persistent plagues elicited new forms of cultural imagination and expression as well as a new body of knowledge about the disease.

Six Christian Peasant Life in the Fifteenth-Century Ottoman Empire was published in The Nature of the Early Ottoman State on page 95.

Jan 21, 2025 · Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Ottoman period spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922, when it was replaced by the Turkish Republic and various successor states in southeastern ...