Ammonia is central to the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhosis. Serum ammonia levels have prognostic value and have been implicated in sarcopenia, hepatotoxicity, and immune dysfunction.

Hyperammonemia is a consistent abnormality in cirrhosis and results in decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased autophagy with resultant loss of muscle mass or sarcopenia. Myostatin, a TGFβ superfamily member is transcriptionally upregulated during hyperammonemia and impairs protein synthesis and may increase proteolysis.

2023年10月10日 · Typical ammonia levels with cirrhosis can range from 54–122 mcg/dL. A 2019 study suggests that ammonia levels ranging from 124–205 mcg/dL were associated with a higher risk of death from...

This article involves a primary review of the literature to evaluate the importance of serum ammonia in cirrhosis and examines the clinical utility of serum ammonia levels in the management of HE. In addition to the review, we conducted primary research using national claims data to investigate national trends in practitioner use of serum ammonia.

While alcohol-related liver disease is one of the most common causes of liver cirrhosis, there are many other causes of cirrhosis that can also lead to hyperammonemia. We aim to study whether the etiology of cirrhosis plays a role in the severity of hyperammonemia in …

2024年2月7日 · The causal relationship of hyperammonemia and muscle wasting in cirrhosis has been suggested by many studies. 21 Alcohol tends to aggravate this effect. 22 Hyperammonemia of cirrhosis can also be aggravated by hemorrhagic shock. Bleeding can reduce hepatic blood flow leading to ischemia in the periportal to the centrilobular hepatocytes, and ...

2022年3月1日 · Ammonia is central to the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhosis. Serum ammonia levels have prognostic value and have been implicated in sarcopenia, hepatotoxicity, and immune dysfunction.

2022年3月1日 · Hyperammonaemia is a key pathological feature of liver disease and the primary driver of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the relative roles of increased ammonia production and reduced clearance are poorly understood as is …

2024年7月1日 · Hyperammonemia is associated with widespread toxicities such as cerebral edema, hepatic encephalopathy, immune dysfunction, promoting fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Over the past two decades, it has been increasingly utilized for prognostication of cirrhosis, acute liver failure as well as acute on chronic liver failure.

The frequency of hyperammonemia was 67.3%, more frequent in males (N = 81, z-score = 2.4, and P < 0.05) than in females (N = 34, z-score = 2.4, and P < 0.05), and had a statistically significant relationship with increasing CP grade of cirrhosis (χ 2 (2) = 27.46, P < 0.001, Phi = 0.40, and P < 0.001).