Pollution kills microbial life in the soil; deforestation and development disturb soil structure making it vulnerable to erosion; soil compaction associated with farming and urbanization squeezes ...

These organisms have a major influence on soil, such as its formation, structure and productivity.' Soil degradation describes what happens when the quality of soil declines and diminishes its ...

These are important processes that govern microbial community structure, soil mineralogy, soil solution chemistry , and pollutant fate and transport (Lovley 1995, Sparks 2003). where σ is the ...

Constructing raised beds with wood or stone can be a practical way to manage challenging garden conditions. Mixing sand/ grit ...

A study of 82 sites in 21 counties by Iowa State University showed that in the 50 years from 1959, soil structure and levels of organic matter had degraded while acidity had increased.