Data preprocessing generally involves the following steps: • Smoothing of noisy data - biological recordings can be incredibly noisy, and so filtering your data is often needed (EEG or neural ...

Encoding categorical data is a crucial step in data preprocessing. By converting categorical data into a numeric format, machine learning models can interpret and work more effectively.

If the observations are not in the order that you want, you must either sort the data set or create an index for it before using BY-group processing. If you use the MODIFY statement in BY-group ...