This formal recognition signed at the Congress of Paris came after Russia accepted a humiliating defeat against the alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia. The treaty itself ...

The calculations are based on data including climate, vegetation, terrain and fire history. The 2025 maps replace a set of maps released 14 years ago. Since 2011, the number of acres in the Inland ...

Add to that the public presence of diverse religions and it sounds like 2025, but this was life in the Ottoman Empire 200 years ago. Yet this seeming tolerance of non-Muslim faiths was in fact ...

The Ottoman Empire’s seeming tolerance of non-Muslim religions was part of a way to manage communities that drew the empire’s suspicions, according to an Osaka Metropolitan University historian.

Instead, their first European war since 1815 found the two old enemies bizarrely allied against the Russians to protect the Turks. The background was the decline of the Ottoman Empire, which ...