The X-13 was developed in the 1950s, at a time when aerospace research was perhaps at its most fervent. The Ryan X-13 Vertijet was an experimental aircraft built to test vertical takeoffs and landings ...

This was the 1950s and the beginning of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) without the need for ... time and led to the development of Hawker Harrier jump jets and the F-35B VSTOL.