Accordingly, nucleic acid-based approaches [fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), qPCR, or temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE)] have been developed to circumvent the cultivation step.

Figure 1. Pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a syndrome with heterogeneous etiology and a spectrum of phenotypes. It may appear at varying gestational ages with different degrees of ...