Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (N.K., T.E., T.F., S.S.-K., H.O., K.-I.H., T.I.). Division of Evidence-Based ...

Emodin has shown certain anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity in preliminary studies. However, the precise mechanisms of emodin’s anti-RA effects, particularly its direct targets, remain unclear.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine and involves disorders of the immune and skeletal systems. However, the exact pathogenesis of AS is not fully ...