(2009) to target the diagonal elements of the sample covariance matrix. We derive the closed-form solution of the shrinkage parameter and show by simulation that, when the diagonal elements of the ...

The interaction matrix A may be split into its competitive and mutualistic blocks, and for the naive uniform model: The two diagonal blocks of matrix C* represent the uniform competitive ...

then its inverse matrix Ai is n-by-n and the matrix product of Ai * A is the n-by-n Identity matrix (1s on the upper-left to lower-right main diagonal, 0s off the diagonal). An analogy in ordinary ...