When he published the more detailed study in 1963, he established what became known as the Bruce Protocol as the most popular method of evaluating problem hearts. His work eventually helped pave ...

Before Bruce published his protocol, physicians typically used electrocardiograms or an early stress test devised by Dr Arthur M Master in which patients stepped on and off a small platform for 90 ...

The Duke Treadmill Score is calculated as below: DTS = Exercise time (minutes) - (5 x ST deviation in mm) - (4 x angina index) The exercise time is based on using the standard Bruce protocol.

A standard Bruce-protocol exercise test showed 100% specificity for CMD, verified against invasive coronary assessment as reference, with all patients showing ischemic ECG changes during the ...