Stretching is often a quick fix for shoulder stiffness. To address the root cause, here are four targeted exercises that not only provide relief but restore function.

The scapula (shoulder blade), clavicle (collarbone) and humerus (upper arm bone) rely heavily on the coordination of muscles like the rotator cuff, trapezius, serratus anterior and deltoids to ...

One electromyogram (EMG) study found that bench dips also target the anterior deltoid, lower trapezius, and latissimus dorsi muscles. These muscles help stabilize the ball portion of the shoulder ...

anterior deltoids etc. These muscles often become over developed and overwhelm the pulley power of the posterior muscles of the shoulder including the rhomboids, middle trapezius, lower trapezius ...

which controls the trapezius muscle the long thoracic nerve, which controls the serratus anterior muscle Less commonly, physical damage to or separation from the muscles, bones, and joint tissues ...

In the thoracic region, m. trapezius medius, m. trapezius distalis and m. serratus anterior on the convex side appeared to be weaker compared to concave side, and m. rhomboideus on the concave side ...

isometric scapular muscle strength; and anthropometric measurement of pectoralis minor (PM) length. Results The players showed significantly more scapular upward rotation on their dominant side ...