The pathology in TAK is aortic and large artery inflammation resulting in a stenosed vessel. Immune mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of TAK, both in the inflammatory phase of arteritis and in the ...

The mitral valve was found to be stenosed and heavily calcified, and was replaced with a 3M Starr–Edwards prosthesis. The pulmonary artery was dilated, with marked bulging of the sinuses.

Following careful consideration, I advised TAVR, a minimally invasive procedure to replace the stenosed aortic valve without open-heart surgery. Due to her advanced age, history of cardiac disease ...

In patients with global ischemia, the vertebral arteries are important pathways for cerebral revascularization when they are critically stenosed or occluded. Demonstration of normal-sized ...