cDepartment of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China dNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South ...

Hemorrhoids are normal vascular cushions that help with continence but become problematic when swollen or prolapsed. Internal hemorrhoids are graded I–IV based on how much they protrude from the ...

Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anal canal. They can cause sharp pain and bleeding, especially during or after bowel movements. Anal fissures can be acute (short-term) or ...