I hope you will forgive me if I have given you pain．如果我给了你痛苦，希望你原谅我。 2. 修饰语问题：通常可用great, some, no, a great deal, much等修饰。如： The memory of her mother’s illness caused her great pain. 想起妈妈的疾病她就感到痛苦。 His ...

一个相关概念是“痛点营销”。英文对应的说法就是pain point，比如以下两篇《纽约时报》的文章： “Great execution seldom saves a flawed concept. There’s no shortage of cases to learn from. Consider Webvan, HomeGrocer, NetGrocer, Streamline, ...