The recent discovery of a key mineral has reshaped our scientific understanding of what Mars looked like in the past.

THERE has been a controversy in the literature concerning ferrous iron in soils on three points, namely: (1) Is ferrous iron present in large quantities in ordinary healthy soils ? (2) Can soil ...

The Treasure of Villena, as the cache of 66 mostly gold objects is known, was discovered more than 60 years ago in 1963 in ...

But while lifeless during that time, the planet was already covered by vast oceans dotted with hydrothermal vent systems that released large amounts of ferrous iron into the water. The earliest ...

In March 2025, mineral output increased by 0.4%, fueled by substantial gains in iron ore, manganese, and zinc. Non-ferrous ...