This outer shell, called the exine, is sometimes multilayered, and traversed by nanodiameter-sized channels [2] and openings called apertures. The uniqueness of sporopollenin as a shell fabric stems ...

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, ...