Symptomatic cerebral cavernous malformation is a rare disease, and affected individuals are at risk of strokes due to intracerebral haemorrhage or new non-haemorrhagic neurological deficits.

门静脉海绵状血管瘤胆管病 （Portal cavernoma cholangiopathy，PCC）是指慢性肝外门静脉阻塞 （extrahepatic portal vein obstruction，EHPVO）患者因外源性血管压迫和缺血性损伤而导致的胆道变化（图 1）。 虽然大多数PCC 患者可能无症状，有长期 EHPVO 病史的患者可发展为轻度 ...