Note: Supplementary information is available on the Nature Structural & Molecular Biology website ... Nucleotide binding and hydrolysis shift the equilibrium toward the docked configuration ...

The Dizzy software package (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle) was used for stochastic simulation of substrate unfolding and translocation steps, and for ATP hydrolysis during single-turnover ...

The mechanism is illustrated in Figure 2. The reverse of imine formation is called imine hydrolysis, yielding the corresponding amine and carbonyl containing compound (aldehyde or ketone).