Vertebral endplates are located between vertebrae (bones of the spine) and intervertebral discs (the gel-filled structures that protect and cushion the vertebrae). They consist of a layer of cartilage ...

Spinal cord lesions are more commonly seen in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis, and they can result in an increased risk of disability. In relapsing-remitting MS, which 80 to 85 percent of ...

Apr. 3, 2025 — Female hormones can suppress pain by making immune cells near the spinal cord produce opioids, a new study has found. This stops pain signals before they get to the brain.