Charge carriers have been confined by exploiting the small difference between the bandgap energies of the two naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon. Many high-speed electronic and ...

and all three isotopes have one electron in their atoms. An isotope is named after the element and the mass number of its atoms. For example, carbon-12 is an isotope of carbon with a mass number ...

Isotopes are forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. There are three isotopes of hydrogen: hydrogen, deuterium (hydrogen-2) and tritium ...