As thoroughly discussed, this complexity is in part attained by extensive feedback loops and by the cross-talk between the TGF-β and BMP pathways with other signalling cascades. Smads interact ...

Subsequently, KRAS/BRAF activates the Notch pathway or TGFb/BMP pathway through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby affecting endothelial cell function. It is worth noting that these mutated endothelial ...

Among these signals, the TGF-β and HIPPO pathways are critical, functioning as tumor suppressors and regulating liver development and regeneration. The review focuses on these pathways' interplay ...

These processes are regulated by the cytokines TGF-β and BMP-7, chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, metalloproteinases and numerous trapping proteins. They offer innovative diagnostic and ...