The management of Leishmania donova ni (LD), responsible for fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL), faces increasing challenges due to rising drug-unresponsiveness, leading to increasing treatment ...

Vials were then centrifuged at 12000 g (Centrifuge 5415 C, Eppendorf) for two minutes. The pellet was used for starch extraction as described below. One milliliter of the supernatant was removed and ...

FTIR spectroscopy was performed at room temperature, using the KBr pellet technique. The samples were dried immediately prior to analysis to minimize interference due to moisture. OM characterization ...