As such, they are critical to the evolution of modern science ... The three examples below are suitable objects of the document for the three tasks shown above, respectively. This paper clarifies ...

That negative citations are less likely to be directed at low-impact papers fits within philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn ... self-citations — for example, situations in which authors discuss ...

or criticisms of the method, questions for the authors, or anything else that comes to mind): _____. Share and discuss Professor Kene Piasta's guide on How to Read a Scientific Paper with your ...

but citations to retracted papers regularly appear in the scientific record. Over the long term, this can distort our big-picture view of science, leading to wasted effort and misallocated resources.