Figure 2: 1 H NMR spectra of different systems. Figure 5: Quantitative operando 1 H NMR spectra. The results in this work deepen our understanding of interfacial heterogeneous redox reactions ...

But with a little practice, it becomes no more difficult ... Despite the large number of protons in the molecule, 1 H NMR could still be used to observe protons near the functional group.