Leaf colour mutants, resulting from disruptions in these pathways, serve as key models for understanding pigment metabolism, chloroplast development and gene regulation. They not only provide ...

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles where photosynthesis occurs, in a highly structured network of membranes, composed of stacked thylakoids interconnected by lamellae. They possess their own ...

A groundbreaking tool developed by the University of St Andrews is transforming how cultural heritage institutions identify toxic pigments in historic books, making it easier than ever to ...

This outgroup was chosen because it was sister to all other Amygdaloideae tribes when using nuclear data (Figure 1). Figure 2. Nuclear- and chloroplast-inferred phylogenetic relationships for all 27 ...

Malaria is often associated with jaundice, where levels of the yellow pigment bilirubin are higher. In this study of mice, scientists show that bilirubin generated by the enzyme biliverdin ...

You don’t have to be a numismatist to enjoy looking at coins under a microscope. An enthusiast will be able to find pockets of lead, patterns of lustre and flaws from heating, cooling and striking ...

Rodgers & Hammerstein could have been describing the Berkshires when they wrote “June Is Bustin’ Out All Over.” ...

The search for techniques that maximize the use of water is becoming necessary for the sustainability of agriculture in semi-arid areas. In this sense, the present work aimed to evaluate the effects ...

While an estimated one in 15 000 people in Africa has the condition, it affects one out of 1 400 Tanzanians. Albinism is a rare genetic condition that limits melanin pigment in the skin, eyes and hair ...

Edited by Janet R. Sparrow, Columbia University, New York, NY, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Jeremy Nathans October 13, 2018 (received for review February 9, 2018) To estimate the relative ...