Scientists reveal glaciers may have scraped away miles of Earth's crust during 'Snowball Earth,' erasing a billion years of ...

A newer, complementary theory by planetary scientist Andrew Tomkins explains the formation of some much younger gold deposits during the Phanerozoic period (approximately 650 million years ago).

Over thelast 540 million years, known as the Phanerozoic Eon, the planet has swung between “icehouse” and “greenhouse” states. Ice-covered periods like the one we currently live in have ...

Speciation is the process by which a single species gives rise to two daughter species, which are genetically distinct and eventually unable to interbreed. Speciation can occur as a result of ...

In Late Triassic lake ecosystems, volcanic ash deposition boosted primary productivity, enhanced organic carbon sequestration, and triggered water-column anoxia, reshaping carbon cycling dynamics ...

The programme operates by providing seed funding grants donated by UNESCO, IUGS, and extra-budgetary sources. IGCP projects primarily deal with geosciences on global issues related to five themes: ...