How do we think, feel, remember, or move? These processes involve synaptic transmission, in which chemical signals are transmitted between nerve cells using molecular containers called vesicles ...

Single extracellular vesicle (EV) research holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of cellular communication and enable breakthroughs in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, the lack ...

The 3D printed chips were evaluated with various human cell types, including muscle precursor cells, endothelial cellsfrom umbilical veins, and optic vesicle organoids derived from stem cells. These ...

In her new book, “Miracles and Wonder,” Elaine Pagels tries to find the man behind the faith. By Jack Hanson Jack Hanson is a writer and editor and a scholar of religion, literature and ...

Optic atrophy 2, also called early-onset x-linked optic atrophy, which is a very rare form of optic atrophy that causes vision loss and some neurological conditions in males.

The optic nerve connects the brain to the eye. To biologists, the optic chiasm is thought to be a turning point in evolution.   It is thought that the crossing and uncrossing optic nerve fibers that ...

Such brain “organoids,” as they’re called, have always raised ethical questions. But when I learned that some of them had spontaneously developed optic vesicles—that is, precursors to eyes—I realized ...

Optic Neuritis . Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. This often affects only one eye at a time and affects the part of the nerve before the optic chiasm. Because of the location of ...

Optic vesicle formation occurs under the control of Rax, Pax6 and Tll . Activated by Sox2 and Otx from the anterior neuroectoderm, Rax represses NLCAM and induces CXCR4 acting on cell shape and ...

The following is the summary of “Cell fate decisions, transcription factors and signaling during early retinal development” published in November 2022 issue of Retinal and eye research by Diacou, et ...

Vesicle Therapeutics has received National Institutes of Health (NIH) SBIR and STTR funding to advance its platform, including projects targeting familial hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative ...

Diverse genetic and biochemical research findings have validated that bacterial vesicles are a bona fide secretion system. Decades ago, researchers first speculated that OMVs were artefactual remnants ...