The kidneys and ureters make up the upper urinary tract ... Depending on an individual’s genital anatomy, the urethra will lead out of the body through the penis or above the opening of the ...

In this clinical comment, clinical nurse specialist Paul Beland reflects on his experiences as a living kidney donor.

Renal hypoplasia, defined as abnormally small kidneys with normal morphology and reduced nephron number, is a common cause of pediatric renal failure and adult-onset disease. Genetic studies ...