We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were serum vitamin B 12 levels, clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency, and adverse events.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a vital water-soluble nutrient essential for a range of important bodily functions, ...

Fifty-four adult birds from 5 highly inbred genetic lines (M5.1, M15.2, Ghs13, Line-8, and Sp-21.1) were randomly assigned to 0.9% sterile saline control or 2.4 mg/kg BW intramuscular LPS (Escherichia ...

Forty birds from 4 genetic lines (Ghs, Line-8, Sp-21.1, and AIL-F) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, receiving intramuscular injections of saline or 1 mg/kg BW LPS (Escherichia coli O55:B5) ...