Excessive reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide), HO − (hydroxyl radical), HOO ... This biosynthetic pathway is key in ...

Is there ongoing apoptosis of ß-cells, and, if so, is this caused by aberrant genetic programming or something bad that invades the ß-cell's microenvironment? Type 2 diabetes is characterized as ...