Objective Glenohumeral (GH) osteoarthritis (OA) is the third most common large joint disease, after hip and knee OA. This ...

Confirmatory findings: pain or a painful click in the glenohumeral joint. Test rationale: with glenohumeral external rotation and extension (late cocking phase), the long head of the biceps tendon is ...

Three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis (MA) techniques are progressively being used in biomechanics research and for clinical applications to assess the risk of injuries. A marker-based 3D MA protocol ...