The key lies in extracting the relationship between the signals inside the cells (intracellular signals) and those recorded on their surface (extracellular signals). "We discovered that ...

There are two types of enzymes produced by biological cells: one type of enzymes that are produced inside the cell and then secreted outside the cell for action, called extracellular enzymes ... but ...

Besides intracellular ATG function, some ATGs have been detected in patients with chronic CNS inflammation or diabetic kidney diseases, while elevated serum SQSTM1 levels are independent risk factors ...

Various forms of phospholipase enzymes with different substrates are found in eukaryotes to generate a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules. The general role of ...

The study suggests that extracellular ADA2 regulates myeloid cell polarization, TNF-α secretion, neutrophil activation, and ...

Researchers have identified a new group of enzymes that appear to control ... an important step for understanding how cells control intracellular traffic and locomotion." Gaertig hopes these ...

They observed that T. gondii infection increased the ratio of bound enzymes and created a more oxidized intracellular environment, both of which indicate increased metabolism. “We didn't have any idea ...

New research, published online in Nature, found that cells within tumors release potassium into the extracellular space ... prevented the high levels of intracellular potassium accumulation ...