Recently, emerging investigations revealed that metabolism profiles control macrophage phenotypes and functions, and in turn, polarization can trigger metabolic shifts in macrophages. Those findings ...

The red cross indicates an outlier as commonly defined for boxplots. As a further indicator we quantified the levels of substrate-induced enzymatic activity by measuring esterase activity, which is a ...

Basic Science The esterase method of detecting leukocytes in a urine sample relies on the fact that esterases are released from lysed urine granulocytes (neutrophils). In the dipstick method ...

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2009;43(3):519-527.