By day 7, TVC levels exceeded the acceptable limit, indicating spoilage. Simultaneously, key volatile compounds, such as ethyl vanillin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and vanillin, degraded over ...

Study: Short-chain fatty acid metabolites propionate and butyrate are unique epigenetic regulatory elements linking diet, metabolism and gene expression. Image Credit: Love Employee/Shutterstock ...