Carbon is then transferred to different layers of the ocean as primary producers are eaten by other organisms, which themselves reproduce, generate waste and die. Some plankton combine calcium and ...

A storm, even once it has passed, can leave traces in the ocean that last for thousands of years. These consist of sediment layers composed of coarse particles, which are different from the finer ...

“Every year is a little bit different, but what’s clear ... heat from the surface moves very slowly through these layers down into the deep ocean. But extremely windy areas of the ocean ...

“Every year is a little bit different, but what’s clear ... heat from the surface moves very slowly through these layers down into the deep ocean. But extremely windy areas of the ocean ...

Furthermore, warming of the marine realm due to climate change has increased ocean stratification, where distinct layers ...