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Inside the ULN2003 you’ll find seven high-voltage and high-current NPN Darlington pairs capable of switching inductive loads. But like most such devices there are a variety of roles it can fill.

In preparation for some of the more advanced relay drivers I will be posting in the future, I have listed a few basic relay drivers for your reference. Included are the following: High side toggle ...

We break down the essential component of modern electronics—the transistor. Transistors are the building blocks behind most of today’s electronic devices, and understanding how they work is key to ...

Q1 can be any npn bipolar transistor. A high-gain transistor is preferred because it lowers the base current, allowing a larger R and smaller C. The Q1 shown is a CXTA14 Darlington transistor from ...

An NPN transistor is an electronic component used as a switch or amplifier. It has three legs: base (B), collector ©, and emitter (E). In circuit diagrams, the base is usually in the middle, the ...