The DNA molecule is made up of four bases -- adenine ... Figuring out how these three billion bases code for a human being will keep researchers busy for many decades to come.

A sugar molecule, a base ... How the bases are arranged in the DNA is what determines the genetic code. When the enzyme has passed the end of the DNA, two identical molecules of DNA are left ...

Each codon specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal. The genetic code is nearly universal across all living organisms, with only minor variations in some species. DNA mutations are changes ...

The immunomodulatory character of bacterial CpG DNA is well known. A report in a recent issue of Nature pinpoints a Toll-like receptor as the cellular accomplice in this innate immune reaction.

“This is really an exciting paper . . . a true engineering feat. It elegantly increases the number of DNA and RNA building blocks and dramatically expands the information density of nucleic acids,” ...

A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes.

Much of the "junk" DNA in Drosophila shows signs of either negative or positive selection, according to a study in this week's Nature. An analysis by Peter Andolfatto of the University of California, ...

This is why people can be identified using DNA fingerprinting. DNA can be cut up and separated, which can form a 'bar code' that is different from one person to the next. The basic units (monomers ...

Francis Crick and James Watson with a model of the DNA molecule At midday on 28 February ... and that it contained a code for life. The next step was to find out its structure, in order to ...

Punishing conditions in the clouds of Venus could be home to a DNA-like molecule capable of forming genes in life very different to that on Earth, according to a new study. Long thought to be ...