Late 1600s – Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek constructed a microscope with a single spherical lens. It magnified up to ×275. 1800s - the optical quality of lenses increased and the ...

The microscope operator has to flash freeze the sample. A better understanding of protein structure can further research into things such as enzyme action and help scientists develop better drugs.

The trunk of each 'Christmas tree' (a transcription unit) represents a DNA molecule; the tree branches (granular strings attached to the DNA) are RNA molecules that have been transcribed from the ...