With age, genes on the previously inactive second X chromosome in female mice increasingly escape silencing, doubling from 3% to 6% overall and reaching up to 9% in some organs.

The effect of maternal chromosomes . Female mice with only an active maternal X chromosome, Dubal and Abdulai-Saiku discovered, showed poorer memory and learning abilities as they aged. In the brains ...

X chromosomes, some researchers hypothesize, could help explain sex differences in cognition, verbal memory, or brain disease risk. The authors noted, “In the brain, more genes are expressed ...

Chromosomes are tightly coiled structures in each of your cells that contain DNA, the code for all life. DNA is organized in segments on chromosomes called genes. Humans typically have 46 ...

This Review describes the mechanisms by which the X chromosome regulates immune responses. The authors discuss how the effects of this chromosome can account for many of the immunological ...

The Y chromosome has seen significant changes over the course of human evolution. "In comparison to the X, the Y is tiny. There are only 45 genes on the Y chromosome, ...

Increased risk for autism appears to be linked to the Y chromosome, a Geisinger Health System study has found, offering a new explanation for the greater prevalence of autism in males. The results ...

And the bobtail squid, which diverged from the California two-spot octopus between 350 million and 250 million years ago, had a chromosome that was an outlier in having more transposable elements ...

Sex chromosomes are the genetic elements that define a person's biological sex. Learn about the XX and XY chromosomes, the sex determination system, and other chromosome combinations.

The Y chromosome, critical for male sex determination, has been losing genetic material and might vanish in the future. Studies in some rodents indicate that species can survive by evolving new ...

“The early ‘proto-Y’ chromosome was originally the same size as the X chromosome and contained all the same genes," The Conversation said. However, because males only have one copy of the chromosome, ...

The Y chromosome, crucial for determining male sex in humans, is slowly disappearing, raising concerns about future male offspring. A recent study offers hope, revealing that the spiny rat, a rodent ...