However, the CCI also underlined that Microsoft met two of the four pre-requisities for anti-competitive “tying” (bundling), namely the existence of two separate products (the tying and tied ...

In previous cases like WhatsApp (2020) and Google (2020), the CCI ruled that tying or bundling was not anti-competitive, as it did not involve coercion—a stance that similarly applies here.

Adam’s experience also includes defending clients in cartel class actions across the US and handling disputes regarding exclusivity, bundling and tying, joint ventures, and group boycotts.