(b) Birefringence caused by strain associated with growth boundaries. (c) Orientation image, with strain orientations being marked by short lines in addition to the colour scale. The study of phase ...

meaning a color different from that seen in unpolarized white light, not explained by Newton's scale of interference colors. 6 By convention, birefringence is positive if the higher refractive ...

I demonstrate how various aspects of birefringence in common household films provide opportunities and challenges for their use in art," said Slepkov. To create polarization-filtered color ...

Vacuum birefringence is a weird quantum phenomenon that has only ever been observed on an atomic scale. It occurs when a neutron star is surrounded by a magnetic field so intense, it's given rise ...

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarized light subjected to gravitational lensing effects, in addition to cosmic birefringence ... time created by the large-scale structure in the middle ...