Vascular rings with left aortic arch (LAA) branching pattern are very ... including: Associated anomalies such as shunts that affect hemodynamics and interpretation of gradients (PDA, ASD, VSD ...

The clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic, and pathologic findings in three patients with complete interruption of the aortic arch are presented. In addition, data derived from published reports of 52 ...

Intracranial aneurysms are common, and the risk of rupture is influenced by size, location, morphology, and factors such as ...