Multidimensional composite pain scales are used to carry out an objective pain evaluation of the animal and allow the intensity of the pain to be quantified: generally, the higher the score, the ...

Including such goals as use of a standard scale or scoring system for every ... related to the biology and clinical treatment of pain in animals. Stakeholders in this process include a wide ...

Traditionally, detecting animal pain involves analyzing photos or videos by hand for specific cues—a raised lip, a flared nostril—and creating pain scales tailored to individual species.