Scientific papers typically have two audiences: first, the referees, who help the journal editor decide whether a paper is suitable ... the work in an abstract, located before the Introduction.

This includes, for example, the use of a figure in a presentation, the posting of an abstract on a web ... multiple stand-alone copies of a Nature Portfolio paper, which is then printed and ...

An abstract is a summary of a piece of academic writing. The abstract appears in multiple locations, including at the start of a publication, in conference proceedings, and in electronic databases.