while a blunt probe images a protein without any structural details. The three common AFM imaging modes are contact, tapping, and non-contact. 9 These modes vary based on the nature of tip motion.

Example of a conductive atomic force microscopy measurement. Left: 3D topography of platinum carbon (Pt(C)) thin film irradiated with different electron beam doses. Right: Current through the film of ...

A laser beam reflected off the end of the cantilever is recorded on photodiodes, producing an image of the surface topography ... Cantilevers are located in a box in the AFM lab. There is a log sheet ...