Countries engage in a variety of relationships with one another, which can either be cooperative or confrontational. The field of international relations emerged after World War I to understand these ...

The Munich Security Report 2025 comes amid a global landscape marked by increasing disruptions, where trends toward a multipolar international system are creating both opportunities and challenges.

Since 2020, attention to the activities of the Wagner Group has highlighted the role of Private Military Companies (PMCs) in foreign policy. While the use of PMCs as substitutes for military presence ...

The United Kingdom and the United States are two of the oldest and most influential democratic political systems in the world. As two nations with a shared history and cultural lineage, their ...

Germany’s rise as a leading power in Europe and the world since the beginning of the 21st century represents a prominent aspect of the country’s economic miracle, which began with reconstruction ...

The history of Russia is as expansive as its vast territories, reflecting the dynamic interplay of cultures, peoples, and epochs. Spanning millennia, Russia’s evolution has been shaped by external ...

The Voynich Manuscript is one of the most famous mysteries in ancient codicology or paleography. This illustrated manuscript, authored by an unknown writer and written in an undeciphered alphabet, ...

The period from 1990 to 2025 represents a critical phase in Senegal’s history, beginning with a democratic transition marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1991. This constitution shifted ...

The countries of the Horn of Africa suffer from violence and insecurity. The region is a hub on the trade and migration route in the Red Sea, bordering the unstable regions of the Sahel and Central ...

The landscape of modern warfare is rapidly transforming. Drones and artificial intelligence (AI) are rewriting the rules of engagement, challenging conventional military strategies and ...

التنظير الصيني في العلاقات الدولية هو موضوع يكتسب أهمية متزايدة في ظل صعود الصين كقوة عالمية مؤثرة، سواء اقتصاديًا أو سياسيًا أو استراتيجيًا. هذا التنظير يعكس محاولة الصين تقديم مقاربات ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fragility of the global system, as this crisis is the most impactful since World War II, affecting health, economy, and politics. Its repercussions are likely to ...