The Munich Security Report 2025 comes amid a global landscape marked by increasing disruptions, where trends toward a multipolar international system are creating both opportunities and challenges.

Countries engage in a variety of relationships with one another, which can either be cooperative or confrontational. The field of international relations emerged after World War I to understand these ...

Germany’s rise as a leading power in Europe and the world since the beginning of the 21st century represents a prominent aspect of the country’s economic miracle, which began with reconstruction ...

Conflicts among societies and within a single community have existed since the dawn of human settlements. The evolution of human life has introduced new motivations for the divergence of goals and ...

Technological advancement has long represented one of the most significant enabling tools that reshuffle the structure of international relations, as it influences the development of states’ abilities ...

The landscape of modern warfare is rapidly transforming. Drones and artificial intelligence (AI) are rewriting the rules of engagement, challenging conventional military strategies and ...

The history of Russia is as expansive as its vast territories, reflecting the dynamic interplay of cultures, peoples, and epochs. Spanning millennia, Russia’s evolution has been shaped by external ...

Amid the rapid international transformations affecting the hierarchy of powers within the global system and the dominating regional and international axes, emerging dynamics in international ...

The Voynich Manuscript is one of the most famous mysteries in ancient codicology or paleography. This illustrated manuscript, authored by an unknown writer and written in an undeciphered alphabet, ...

Has the idea of the “West” truly reached its last breaths, as the current international discourses suggest? Perhaps the answer requires further observation and contemplation, but it is certain that ...

The natural disasters that affect the environment, whether purely natural or as an indirect result of human intervention, have asserted themselves in international relations, encompassing both ...

The period from 1990 to 2025 represents a critical phase in Senegal’s history, beginning with a democratic transition marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1991. This constitution shifted ...